Thursday, November 28, 2013

Quality of our graduates

For the last couple of days Satya and I have been interviewing rookie programmers - people with less than one year experience for a certain activity we are going to get into. We are not particular that they should be Engineering graduates, or MCA etc. But you find them everywhere and we have received resumes of people with either an Engineering degree or an MCA. They have completed their last degree just an year back.

After talking to them on other things, we ask them to solve a few simple Math problems. This is really revealing. I give below the questions.


One candidate with a B.Sc (Comp) and MCA couldn't solve a single problem above. His answer to the first question was "1". In fact three candidates all gave "1" as the answer to the first question. Then on further prompting and helpful hints, one came up with 1.4, another 1.414. One person came up with an amazing method, which resulted in sqrt(35) reaching close to 12.xxx. No one could touch the quadratic equation. One candidate solved all but the last problem.

The degree we are giving out is worth shit.

34 comments:

  1. Dear Mr. Badri,
    What ever said and done ultimately companies in india want only people with degrees to be employed in their company. BE and MBA combined or done individually are much preferred. May be people like you should make companies focus on real talent of a person rather than evaluating them on some paper

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    1. அன்பின் பத்ரி,

      பீகாரலும் இதே மாதிரி செய்தி. அமெரிக்காவிலும் பார்த்திருக்கிறேன், இத்தனை மோசமில்லை என்றாலும். இங்கே என் பேத்திக்கு முன்னாலே என்னால் நிற்கமுடியவில்லை இன் க்வாட்ராட்டிக் ஈக்வேஷன்ஸ். I have written a researched article on this in a Mathematics journal from Chtlapakkam, Chennai. If you wish, you may have a Deko at it.
      regards,
      Innamburan

      Delete
  2. Badri, When i used to do management round interviews for my company, i ask them basic questions like
    1. Why manhole cover is round and not square
    2. Why do bus stops are not exactly opposite and stuff like that.
    Most of the time. these kids can't even think.
    And regarding algorithm. if i ask queries like algo for lifts in a building, they go blank. I never want correct answer. I want them to try. But it rarely happens.

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  3. Did u happen to read the below link?

    Same thing happened in an Engineering college in Erode, where second and third year students were not even able to say Newton's first law of motion. It was so shocking...

    http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703515504576142092863219826

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  4. Quadratic equation has a simple formula which is taught in Class 11. How can college graduate say they didn't know it?!

    Saravanan

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  5. Do they need to know this, for what they have to learn to do YOUR job ? Just train them and get on with life man !!

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  6. Badri,
    Its not that our educational system is shit,we don't teach anything practical thats the issue.Where would the normal guy use the square root of two in his day today life.Did we teach the practical application of calculus?or the importance of it? guys who applied calculus in their career have grown leaps and bounds.Without the practical knowledge everything is memorized and people,including you, expect the memorized answer :) (square root of 2 in this case,you didn't ask them to derive it ,you just asked the answer).Other than that ,I am a great fan of yours :) .

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  7. With all due respect to you, I believe your questions were a misfit for most programming jobs in the Indian IT industry. I do not know about your specific job requirement but I do not think that solving all the above questions would make someone a good programmer for today's Indian IT sector requirement.

    Hypothetically, if you are interviewing for a web programmer role, you should find out if he knows what is Javascript, How to control your presentations aspects such as color (CSS) ? which libraries should you use if I want fluidity or colorful buttons or touch friendliness etc. What is usability ? What is Fitts' law ? How to make mobile friendly sites (awareness of jquery mobile) ? Which javascript libraries you have used ?

    Hypothetically if you are hiring for a kernel programmer, then ask about, What is memory management ? What are memory maps ? What is paging etc. ?

    Unless you are hiring someone for doing some core algorithms work, such as in routing or cache management etc., then you can ask math questions. But for most common UI side programming work, math knowledge is not needed. May be because of your IIT lineage you have high expectations about Math from students even though it is practically useless for most jobs in the Indian IT industry.

    If you are really interested in Math based programming, you should check out http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming

    ReplyDelete
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    1. > Unless you are hiring someone for doing some core algorithms work, such as in routing or cache management etc., then you can ask math questions.

      oops. Excuse the mistake above.

      Note to self: Never comment on a post while watching tv

      Delete
    2. Regardless of the job, I would have been asking these questions, because this is about problem solving. I would have expected an answer fuzzily rather than accurate. Because accuracy is not important that a calculator would do. I would expect "1+", close to 6 but not 6, doesn't have roots as the answers that I prefer.

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  8. Here is my take. If you take a diverse set of successful people, with 20+ years experience, in a variety of areas (pick engineers, lawyers, sales people, business people, doctors, real estate brokers, musicians) and give these tests, you will be surprised at the results. In my experience (yes, I have done such a test!), about 25% will flunk this, and yes even some practicing engineers.

    Mathematical poverty (my phrase for it!) seems to run far and wide, across all cultures, across social strata.

    One reason may be that people simply forget mathematics quickly. It is something to be endured in school and quickly forgotten.

    I have speculated on how we could teach mathematics better. I would focus on building simple models of real world phenomena, making people estimate quantities. Like "at the speed at which we commute in Chennai, how long would it take to go to Bangalore" to "How much petrol per person do we consume in Chennai?" "How many years does it take to double money with 12% compound interest?"

    I would introduce building spreadsheet models.

    Coming up with models and estimates, building spreadsheets, is far better (IMHO) than memorizing the solution for quadratic equation (to be perfectly honest, I am not sure I can reproduce that solution right this second, it has been a long time!).

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    1. Sridhar: One of the questions above is yours - you would have recognized this. We have discussed your views on this a few times. I do agree with you that context would help doing Math better. I was trying to get some degree of aptitude on the part of the candidate. Quadratic equation is the least relevant to the work going ahead, but we wanted to throw that to find out if someone even answers that by remembering how to solve them.

      You have more of an experience in hiring programmers. I am starting out now:-) So will learn the ropes as we go along!

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    2. Dear Dr. Badri and Sridhar: I have tested 1000s of students from all streams, Engineering, Arts, Sciences, etc. More than 90% of the students won't pass in 8th grade Maths. Leaving aside quadratic equations, they can't answer even questions such as "What is 50% of 50% of 50%?", or "1/2+ 2/3 + 3/4". So it's not just quadratic equations which is the villain.

      Take even the case of very simple Applied Sciences. Tell them "You have a bucket half full of water. You want to transfer it to another bucket using a flexible plastic pipe. You have no pump. How do you do it?"

      If they had learnt the answer by discovery, applying their minds, they would have learnt to apply the learnings, later in life. We just 'teach'; we don't let them learn. Please see my separate post on how, I believe, this problem can be addressed.

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  9. One company is recruiting school students (+2) (but don't know what kind of role they are playing) . +2 qualification is enough to work in IT as a Developer/Designer/QA......

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    1. can you give me company name .I was a BE graduate who was not able to complete graduation but somehow managed to get into a IT based company outsourcing a client in U.S .even with 3years of experience I am underpaid due to lack of graduation Remember this is India not U.S

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    2. That is www.zoho.com

      Delete
  10. Badri,

    For the last problem you would have given a hint to use quadratic formula, they might have solved the problem :)

    x = [-1 ± √(1 - 4)]/2
    x = [-1 ± √(-3)]/2
    x = (-1 ± i√3)/2

    where i = √(-1)

    The solutions are:
    x = (-1 + i√3)/2
    x = (-1 - i√3)/2

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Probably one can give a hint as (x+1/2)*2 +3/4=1

      Delete
  11. பல இடங்களில் கருத்துக்கள் பிரிந்து கிடைப்பதால் நீர்த்துபோகாமல் இருக்க இங்கேயே...

    காசியண்ணே

    நீங்கள் சொல்வது உண்மை. பத்ரியின் ஆதங்கமும் நியாயமே. கல்வித்தரம் பாதாளத்தில் இருப்பதும் கல்லூரி விட்டு வெளிவரும் இன்றைய மாணாக்கர் பிசைந்த களிமண்ணாக இருப்பதும் விவாதமே இன்றி ஒத்துக்கொள்ளக்கூடியது. நான் பார்க்க விரும்புவது இந்த கோழிப்பண்ணை ப்ரொடக்ஷனிலும் கிடைத்திருக்கும் நன்மையைத்தான்.

    நான் படிக்க சேர்ந்தபொழுதே சுயநிதிகளையும் சேர்த்து மொத்த இஞ்சினியரிங் கல்லூரிகளே 27 தான். உங்கள் டைமில் அதில் பாதிதான் இருந்திருக்க கூடும். தகுதி உடையவர்கள் மட்டுமே இடம் கிடைத்து சேர்ந்திருப்பார்கள். பொறியியல் என்றால் என்னவென்று புரிந்த தெரிந்த விரும்பிய மாணாக்கர் மற்றும் ஆசிரியர்கள். இதில் அனைவருமே தகுதி அடிப்படையிலேயே சேர்ந்திருப்பதால் தரம்பிரிக்கவே தேவையில்லை. மாணவர்களின் வெற்றியும் தோல்வியும் தனிமனித இலக்கடைதல்.

    என்றைக்கு service delivey industry இந்தியாவுக்கு நன்மை என கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்டதோ அன்றைக்கு உருவாக்கிய டிமாண்ட் இஞ்சினியரிங் மாணாக்கருக்கு. உண்மையில் இந்த துறைக்கு இஞ்சினியரிங் படிப்பே தேவையில்லை. ஆனால் எந்த புன்னியவான் ஐடி சர்வீஸ் டெலிவரி வேலைக்கு குறைந்தபட்ச தகுதி பிஈ எம்சிஏ என நிர்ணயித்தாரோ புலிவால் பிடிச்ச கதையாக வேலைக்கு டிகிரி... டிகிரி வாங்குனா வேலை என டிமாண்ட் சப்ளை டிபெண்டன்சி உருவாகி பிஈ மக்களா அச்சடிச்சி அனுப்பிக்கிட்டே இருக்கிறோம். இதில் கல்லூரி தரம், ஆசிரியர் தரம், மாணாக்கர் தரம், கட்டமைப்பு தரம் என எதிலுமே அரசோ நடத்துனரோ பெற்றோர்களோ கவலைப்படவில்லை. படிச்சு ஒரு ஐந்திலக்க சம்பள வேலை. சிலவருடங்களில் அதே மணிக்கூலி வேலையை வெளிநாட்டில் டாலருக்கு.

    இந்த நிலையை இரண்டுவிதமாக பார்க்கலாம். இஞ்சினியரிங் என்பதற்கு அர்த்தமே இல்லாமல் இப்படி அந்த துறையே ஹாலோப்ளாக் கணக்காக அச்சுவார்ப்பில் வெளித்தள்ளப்படும் மாணவர்கள் நிலையை நினைத்து வேதனையடையலாம்.

    மறுபக்கம் இத்தனை பேர் இப்படி படித்த டிகிரிக்கு நேர்மையான வேலையை பார்க்கவில்லை என்றாலும் தகுதிகளும் திறமைகளும் குறைவாக தேவைப்படும் துறையில் உலகிற்கே சேவைசெய்து அன்னியசெலவாணி இந்தியாவுக்கு இவ்வளவு உற்பத்தி செய்கிறோம் என்பதுதான். எத்தனையோ வீட்டின் முதல் பட்டதாரிகள் இந்த வாய்ப்பினை பயன்படுத்தி வாழ்க்கைத்தரத்தையும் நுகர்வோர் சந்தை முன்னேற்றத்தையும் இந்த அளவுக்கு கட்டுக்கடங்காமலோ கைமீறியோ நெறிமுறைப்படுத்தப்படாமலோ கொண்டிவந்துவிட்டோம். இது ஒருவகை வாழ்க்கை தரம் உயர்த்திய சாதனை தான். ஆனால் தொழிற்கல்வியின் தரத்தாழ்ச்சி இந்த சாதனையின் உபரிவிளைவு.

    கணக்கு தெரியாமல்தான் மென்பொருள் சமைக்கிறோம். உண்மையில் என் அனுபவத்தில் டிசைன், இஞ்சினியரிங், அனாலிசிஸ் திறமைகள் 5 சதம் போதும். மீதி ப்ரொடக்ஷன் சப்போர்டிங், டெஸ்ட்டிங், மென்பொருள் சப்போர்ட் போன்ற சர்வீஸ் டெலிவரி துறை வேலைகளுக்கு ட்ரெய்னிங்கில் சொல்லித்தந்ததை சரியாய்கற்று திரும்பத்திரும்ப செய்யும் திறமை போதும். இதற்கு கூட சிறிது ஆங்கிலமும் போதும். இந்தியாவின் எந்த சர்வீசஸ் துறைகளை எடுத்த்துக்கொண்டாலும் இந்த அமைப்போடு ஒத்துப்போகும். பேங்க் ஆபீஸ், தபால்துறை போல இந்த பிரமிடு மாடல் அப்படியே. டாப் ட்ரையாங்கிள் ஆட்கள் நீங்கள் எதிர்நோக்கும் திறமைகள் கொண்ட கூட்டம்தான். ஏனைய பெரும்பாண்மை உற்பத்தி செய்கிறோம். எதையும் உருவாக்குவதில்லை. அதனால்தான் நாமின்னமும் சர்வீசஸ் இண்டஸ்ட்ரில சக்கைபோடு போடுகிறோம். இந்த சர்வீசஸ் தேவைப்படும் உலகம் நம் மனிதவளத்தை உபயோகப்படுத்திகொள்கிறது. அவர்கள் தேவையை நிவர்த்தி செய்ய இப்பொழுது தமிழ்நாட்டில் மட்டும் ~550 பொறியியல் கல்லூரிகள் கொண்டு இஞ்சினியரிங் டிகிரிகள் உற்பத்தி செய்கிறோம்.

    கடைசியாக சொல்வது, இஞ்சினியரிங் படிப்பு இந்த வேலைகளுக்கானதல்ல. அதற்காக வாய்ப்பினை பயன்படுத்தி பொருளாதாரத்தில் முன்னேறிய ஒரு தலைமுறை நிச்சயமாக இந்த டிகிரியை just shit ஆக கருதாது.
    

    ReplyDelete
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    1. கடைசியாக சொல்வது, இஞ்சினியரிங் படிப்பு இந்த வேலைகளுக்கானதல்ல. அதற்காக வாய்ப்பினை பயன்படுத்தி பொருளாதாரத்தில் முன்னேறிய ஒரு தலைமுறை நிச்சயமாக இந்த டிகிரியை just shit ஆக கருதாது. Very true.

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  12. what can be done to improve the quality of education ?? Govt is trying its best to provide education to people .... but quality education becomes a question .

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  13. ஒரு கேள்வி. ஒரு சைனாக்காரன், இத்தனை ஈக்வேஷன் சால்வ் செய்துதான் உலக சந்தையில் பெரிய மார்க்கெட் பிடிக்கும் கம்பெனிகளை உருவாக்கினானா?

    ReplyDelete
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    1. Chinese students in college are excellent at academics; I know this for a fact. They have other weaknesses, like lack of communications skills in English and not being well-rounded.

      But that apart, even if we were to re-phrase it, we could ask, 'Did Kamaraj solve all these problems to become a great CM?" The answer is, one Kamaraj is great, but a State or nation full of Kamaraj's would be a disaster.

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  14. I completely agree with Badri. If people cannot solve simple 6th grade math problems, then the degrees are actually worth less than shit. In fact their degrees should be revoked.

    R.Srinath, seetheavatar, Sankar P : Are you guys serious? If you cannot solve addition of simple fractions, how would you create new algorithms?

    It is disappointing to see an engineer and businessman like Sridhar Vembu echoing similar sentiments, albeit using different words. If a person cannot solve 2x + 7 = 17, how would they compute the time taken to go to Bangalore? Both of them are linear equations.

    I shudder to think what kind of answers they would have given in their exams. Now, I'm even more curious, what kind of questions are asked in their exams?

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    1. In our continuing saga of interviews, today, one candidate looked at 2x + 7 = 17 and in no time answered x=5. I was amazed because he had completely screwed up the previous questions. So I followed up with asking him to solve 2x + 17 = 23. Now he was stumped. He took more time and kept on guessing. At that point Satya introduced an even more complex problem 2.6 x + 4.6 = 1.9 x + 13.4. You would be amazed to know that now the chap correctly went ahead, moved x to one side and the constants to the other side and ended up with x = (8.8/0.7).

      Note that we were not particularly concerned about the right answer. We only wanted to find out how he approaches the problem. We asked him how he could do this more complex problem and was stuck for a relatively simple problem and he couldn't explain this convincingly.

      To me, education and skill building is a much larger issue. We may or may not get the employees we desire; and these people we have interviewed may find far better companies that pay them much more than what we may ever pay. The issue is not this at all. I have been visiting a number of Government schools to understand about their reading and comprehension ability in Tamil. I have taken many videos and am analysing them to find out why in a class one or two read well but most cannot. I will now add the math-ability and try to understand what is being taught and why most of our children struggle.

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    2. i am a practicing surgeon and the last time i did any maths was maybe around 20 years ago (adding up my bill total -not counting)....and i could do all 5 of the above with ease.......and i can only come to one conclusion....படிகறப்போவே நல்லா படிச்சு இருந்தா....

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  15. Tamil Nadu State Board exam papers in math contain ONLY questions that are in the textbooks, without even a change in the figures, so pupils memorise the problems with solutions, without any need or effort to understand. The better mugger scores more. Most of the teachers themselves do not know how to solve them, they just copy from their notes or recall from memory.
    Another peculiar feature is that the 11th Std syllabus is not included for the school final exam, so the examinees do not even memorise the solutions of the problems in that. First year engg students do not know calculus because it was there in the 11th Std.
    As a retired math prof I do not know what the IT industry requires of their trainees. But the way teaching is done, the thinking faculties are totally blunted at school. The better students pick them up by the end of the first year, I suppose.
    It may surprise many that even scholars applying for doctoral programmes in math are deficient in fundamentals. I have met some Ph D holders from Bihar (in the Middle East) totally ignorant.
    Dr R Narasimhan, Chennai

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  16. It all starts with school education. Recently from one of the top university(sic) in TN out of 100+ could score more than 5 marks out of 30 in aptitude test. Worst news is that these colleges engage soft skill trainers in all 4 years of engg studies to teach students elementary maths and English. In the past 3-4 years less than 15-20 students get selected from TN for NIT on all India merit quota.

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    1. The accent in TN is in social justice, which aims to bring down the urban students' level to the level of rural ones. But I do not understand why students from CBSE stream in TN do not perform as well as students from other States, esp. Andhra in national entrance exams. TN govt opposes any sort of common entrance test at the national level, fully realising that their students are ill-equipped. However, reservation helps TN candidates to perform well in Central Services exams, with extra coaching.

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  17. I am appalled at the responses of R.Srinath, Seetheavatar, Sankar P !
    If an Eng. graduate can't solve these simple questions, there is some serious 'problem'!

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  18. Dear Dr. Badri,

    IMHO, if we make the following 3 basic changes in our education system, we can improve the quality of our education substantially:
    1. Have a re-look at what we teach
    2. Have a re-look at how we teach
    3. Have a re-look at who teaches.

    Let me explain:

    1. Life Skills must be integrated into education. This will include building integrity, communication skills, inter-personal skills, team skills, mind skills, social skills, decision making skills, finance skills, etc. which can be included from classes 5 to 12 (or at least up to 10). All of these would required only about 5% of the periods. (I have a detailed model for this, already well tested substantially.) If we have to sacrifice a few lessons in English, higher Math, Science etc., it will be worth it. From your blog, it is clear that most of the children haven't learnt even the basics of these anyway.

    2. How do we teach any subject? Teachers typically take up each topic and start teaching. For example, when they teach about Circles, they say, the 'Circumference of a Circle = Pi X D; Area = Pi X D^2/4'. At the end, ask students 'What exactly is Pi'? At best, they will say, it is 22/7 or 3.14. How many students will say 'there is a certain fixed constant relationship between the radius of a circle and its diameter, regardless of whether the circle is small or large', and this constant has been found to be about 3.14 or 22/7, and it is called Pi'? How may teachers are capable of giving this explanation?

    We need to introduce each topic, starting with questions. for example, while teaching about circles. Give them a few circular objects, and ask them to measure the diameter and circumference using even crude methods. Ask them if the circumference and diameter are related, and how. Let them discover it. Let them debate it in groups and explain it in the class. Now, their understanding will be better and long-lasting. Most topics can be taught this way. Some topics will require higher level tools than we use.

    3. Most teachers are ill-equipped to teach, but they can be trained to be Facilitators. If we produce video based teaching material, with delivery by top class expert teachers, and use these as short clippings in the Class, every student will have the benefit of teaching by top notch experts. We can train teachers to raise questions, get students discover learnings by themselves, show the Clippings, and clarify (at least to standard questions), the learning will be far better and long-lasting. All this won't cost a bomb; in fact, if we think creatively, we can even reduce the present cost of school education.

    All this applies equally to college education including Engineering education.

    If we do all this, and use Life Skills to give self esteem to every child, we will also have far fewer dropouts and failures. Very few students will be left behind.

    Most the systems around us, be it homes, hospitals, shops, factories, etc. have changed over the years, but not the way we teach in schools and colleges. It is possible to change things, if people in power are willing.

    At least, experimentation can begin with schools being given the autonomy to try out such experiments, but without having to suffer -non-recognition'.

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  19. நாட்டில் இவ்வளவு கலைக் கல்லூரிகளும் எஞ்சினீரிங் கல்லூரிகளும் தேவையே இல்லை. ஒரு காலத்தில் எப். ஏ என்ற ஒன்று இருந்தது. அதாவது பள்ளிப் படிப்புக்குப் பிறகு கல்லூரியில் இரண்டு ஆண்டு படித்த பின்னர் எப்.ஏ பட்டம் வழங்கப்படும். எப்.ஏ பட்டம் வாங்கியவர்கள் விரும்பினால் மேலும் இரண்டு ஆண்டு படித்து பி.ஏ பட்டம் பெறலாம்.
    அப்போது பலரும் எப். ஏ பட்டம் வாங்கியதுடன் படிப்பை நிறுத்திக் கொண்டனர் ( பெயரின் பின்னால் எப்.ஏ என்று போட்டுக் கொள்ள அனுமதிக்கப்பட்டனர) . அப்படி ஓர் ஏற்பாடு இப்போது இருக்குமானால் பலரும் ஏதோ பட்டம் பெற்றோம் என்ற திருப்தியில் அத்துடன் படிப்பை முடித்துக் கொள்வர்.
    இப்போது பலரும் எம்.ஏ எம். எஸ்ஸி பட்டம் பெறுவது வெறும் வேஸ்ட். இவ்விதமான உயர் படிப்புகளைப் படித்த பின்னர் அரசு வேலை பாங்க் வேலை, ஏஜி ஆபீஸ் டிபென்ஸ் அக்கவுண்டஸ் என்றோ அல்லது கம்பனிகளுக்கோதான் வேலைக்குச் செல்கின்றனர். எம்.எஸ்ஸி பட்டதாரிகள் பாங்க் வேலையில் சேரும் போது அவர்களது படிப்பால் அவர்களுக்கும் பயனில்லை. பாங்குகளுக்கும் அவர்களது அந்தப் படிப்பால் பயனில்லை.
    சர்வீஸ் இண்டஸ்டிரீஸ் மூலம் தான் இனி ஏராளமானவர்கள் வேலை பெற முடியும். அவ்விதமான படிப்புகளுக்கு ஊக்கம் தர வேண்டும்.
    பிளஸ் டூ மட்டத்திலேயே ஒரு பட்டதை அளிக்கும் ஏற்பாடு இருக்குமானால் பலரும் அந்தப் பட்டத்தோடு திருப்தி அடைந்து அடுத்த கட்டமாக வேலைக்கு வழி வகுக்கும் படிப்பு பக்கம் திரும்புவர்.
    ஏராளமான பாலிடெக்னிக்குகளைத் திறந்து அதைப் படித்து முடிக்கின்ற கட்டத்தில் டிப்ளமாவுக்குப் பதில் ஒரு பட்டத்தை அளிக்கின்ற ஏற்பாடும் உதவும்.
    படிப்பவர்களுக்கும் சரி, வேலைக்கு ஆள் எடுப்பவர்களுக்கும் சரி எந்த விதத்திலும் உதவாத பி.ஏ எம்.ஏ போன்ற படிப்புகளும் பட்டங்களும் வீண்.

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  20. i will solve all the problem in 6 minutes but no one ready to give me the job. this is India

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  21. Students or parents should never forget the categories numbers (whole number, fraction, irrational), the concept called variables and solving equations is all about school maths or engg problems. One need not think it is teasing of job seekers. One has to review all the time their learning objectives and the service goals. Employers should assist in providing for the same before the get their selections!

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